Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Isolation of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific T-Cells with Specific Viral Cytotoxic Activity for Adoptive Therapy of COVID-19

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030630

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of fluorochrome-labeled antibodies used in flow cytometry studies. FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; PE, phycoerythrin; PE/Cy7, tandem comprising phycoerythrin and cyanine 7; APC, allophycocyanin; APC/Cy7, tandem comprising allophycocyanin and cyanine 7.

Article Snippet: INF-γ , 45-15 , PE , Miltenyi Biotec , 130-113-493.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: VISTA + follicular regulatory T cells modulate the function of effector immune cells: implications for ovarian cancer immune escape

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1704048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of VISTA + /VISTA − Tfr cells on CD8 + T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. After co-culture of VISTA + or VISTA − Tfr cells with CD8 + T cells (CD8 + T cells: Tfr cells = 4:1): (A) Representative flow cytometry histogram of CFSE proliferation assay for co-cultured cells. The x-axis represents CFSE fluorescence intensity, and the y-axis represents cell count (n=3). (B) Quantitative analysis of CFSE fluorescence intensity in VISTA − Tfr + CD8 + T cell group versus VISTA + Tfr + CD8 + T cell group. (C) Quantitative analysis of CFSE fluorescence intensity after co-culture of CD8 + T cells with VISTA − Tfr cells overexpressing VISTA (LV-VISTA). (D) Quantitative analysis of CFSE fluorescence intensity after co-culture of CD8 + T cells with VISTA + Tfr cells with VISTA silenced (VISTA-shRNA). (E–L) Levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, perforin (PFP), and granzyme B in culture supernatants of VISTA − Tfr + CD8 + T cell group (E–H) and VISTA + Tfr + CD8 + T cell group (I–L) as detected by ELISA (n=3). The statistical results are expressed as the mean ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Then, 5 μL each of IL-4-APC (MultiSciences, F11IL403), IFN-γ-PE (MultiSciences, F11IFNG02), and IL-17A-FITC (Elabscience, E-AB-F1173C) antibodies were added, followed by incubation at 4°C in the dark for 30 min.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Flow Cytometry, Proliferation Assay, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Cell Counting, shRNA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: VISTA + follicular regulatory T cells modulate the function of effector immune cells: implications for ovarian cancer immune escape

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1704048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of VISTA + /VISTA − Tfr cells on CD25 − CD4 + T cell differentiation. (A) Flow cytometry scatter plots showing the effects of VISTA + /VISTA − Tfr cells in the co-culture system on the expression of differentiation markers IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A on CD25 − CD4 + T cells (n=3). (B–D) Quantitative bar graphs showing the expression proportions of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells after co-culture of CD25 − CD4 + T cells with VISTA − Tfr cells or VISTA − Tfr cells overexpressing VISTA (LV-VISTA). (E–G) Quantitative bar graphs showing the expression proportions of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells after co-culture of CD25 − CD4 + T cells with VISTA + Tfr cells or VISTA + Tfr cells with VISTA silenced (shRNA-VISTA). The statistical results are expressed as the mean ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: Then, 5 μL each of IL-4-APC (MultiSciences, F11IL403), IFN-γ-PE (MultiSciences, F11IFNG02), and IL-17A-FITC (Elabscience, E-AB-F1173C) antibodies were added, followed by incubation at 4°C in the dark for 30 min.

Techniques: Cell Differentiation, Flow Cytometry, Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, shRNA

Journal: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

Article Title: Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta downregulation by spi1 proto-oncogene modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune microenvironment via mammalian target of rapamycin pathway

doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001286

Figure Lengend Snippet: FARSB promotes tumorigenesis and anti-tumor immunity in LUAD. A, qRT-PCR analysis of FARSB mRNA levels in different cell groups (si-NC, control group; si-FARSB, FARSB knockdown group). B, WB analysis of FARSB protein expression in various cell groups. C, CCK-8 assay evaluating the effect of FARSB knockdown on cell viability. D, EdU assay assessing the impact of FARSB knockdown on cell proliferation. E and F, Flow cytometry analysis of the effect of FARSB knockdown on cell apoptosis. G, WB analysis of PD-L1 (an immune checkpoint protein) expression levels. H, CFSE fluorescence staining assessing CD8 + T cell proliferation (CFSE dye dilution measures CD8 + T cell division). I-K, Flow cytometry analysis of IFN-γ (I), GZMB (J), and TNF-α (K) expressions in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells; these cytokines reflect CD8 + T cell cytotoxic function. N = 3, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 denote statistical significance. CFSE = carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; FARSB = phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta; GZMB = Granzyme B; IFN-γ = interferon-gamma; LUAD = lung adenocarcinoma; PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand 1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WB = western blot.

Article Snippet: Antibodies included: PE Anti-Human interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Antibody (E-AB-F1196, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Granzyme B (GZMB) Monoclonal Antibody (GB11, APC, Thermo Fisher), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) Monoclonal Antibody (MAb11, APC, 17-7349-82, Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Knockdown, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, EdU Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

Article Title: Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta downregulation by spi1 proto-oncogene modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune microenvironment via mammalian target of rapamycin pathway

doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001286

Figure Lengend Snippet: FARSB Activates the mTOR signaling pathway, promoting LUAD tumorigenesis and anti-tumor immunity. A, GSEA analysis of enriched pathways associated with differential FARSB expression in LUAD. B, WB analysis of the expression of the pathway-related proteins p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, p-4EBP1, and 4EBP1. C, CCK-8 assays evaluating cell viability. D, EdU assays assessing cell proliferation. E, Flow cytometry analysis of cell apoptosis. F, WB analysis of PD-L1 expression levels. G, CFSE fluorescence staining assessing CD8 + T cell proliferation. H-J, Flow cytometry analysis of IFN-γ (H), GZMB (I), and TNF-α (J) expressions in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells; these cytokines reflect CD8 + T cell cytotoxic function. n = 3, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 denote statistical significance. CFSE = carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; FARSB = phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta; GZMB = Granzyme B; IFN-γ = interferon-gamma; LUAD = lung adenocarcinoma; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; ns = no significant differences; PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand 1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; WB = western blot.

Article Snippet: Antibodies included: PE Anti-Human interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Antibody (E-AB-F1196, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Granzyme B (GZMB) Monoclonal Antibody (GB11, APC, Thermo Fisher), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) Monoclonal Antibody (MAb11, APC, 17-7349-82, Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

Article Title: Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta downregulation by spi1 proto-oncogene modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune microenvironment via mammalian target of rapamycin pathway

doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001286

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPI1 Downregulates FARSB to modulate the mTOR signaling pathway, thus influencing LUAD progression and anti-tumor immunity. A, qRT-PCR analysis of FARSB and SPI1 mRNA levels in different cell groups. B, WB analysis of FARSB and SPI1 protein expression. C and D, WB analysis of mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. E, CCK-8 assays evaluating cell viability. F, EdU assays assessing cell proliferation. G, Flow cytometry analysis of cell apoptosis. H, WB analysis of PD-L1 expression levels. I: CFSE fluorescence staining assessing CD8 + T cell proliferation. J-L: Flow cytometry analysis of IFN-γ (J), GZMB (K), and TNF-α (L) expressions in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells; these cytokines reflect CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function. n = 3, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 denote statistical significance. FARSB = phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit beta; GZMB = Granzyme B; IFN-γ = interferon-gamma; LUAD = lung adenocarcinoma; mTOR = Mammalian target of rapamycin; ns = no significant differences or significant correlation.; PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand 1; qRT-PCR = quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; WB = western blot.

Article Snippet: Antibodies included: PE Anti-Human interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Antibody (E-AB-F1196, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Granzyme B (GZMB) Monoclonal Antibody (GB11, APC, Thermo Fisher), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) Monoclonal Antibody (MAb11, APC, 17-7349-82, Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Naive and memory CD4 + T cell subsets can contribute to the generation of human Tfh cells

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103566

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antigenic stimulation of human splenic mononuclear cells mimics the T CD4 + response of GC reaction (A) Splenic mononuclear cells (splenocytes) were stimulated with CytoStim and cultured for 3 days in the presence of cytokines (IL-7, IL-12, activin) (A). CXCR5 and PD-1 expressions among CD4+ T cells were assessed. Representative flow plots showing CXCR5 and PD-1 expression on CD4 + T cells from ex vivo splenocytes and splenocytes cultured for 3, 5, and 10 days (left) and the percentage of Tfh among CD4+ T cells (right). (B) Representative flow plots showing IL-21 production by Tfh (left) and the percentage of IL-21-positive cells among Tfh (right). (C) Representative histogram showing ICOS expression among Tfh (left) and relative expression of ICOS among Tfh (right). (D) Gating strategy allowing the identification of PD-1 neg Tfh, non-GC Tfh, and GC Tfh among total CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells ex vivo or after 3 days of stimulation of splenocytes or PBMCs in polarizing cytokines. (E) Percentage of total CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells including PD-1 neg Tfh, non-GC Tfh, and GC Tfh among CD4 + T cells ex vivo or after 3 days of culture using splenocytes or PBMCs (n = 7–14). (F and G) Mean fluorescence intensity of PD-1 (F) and CXCR5 (G) expression on ex vivo GC Tfh and GC Tfh D3 splenic cells. (H) Representative flow plots showing IL-21 and IFNγ production by non-GC Tfh D3 and GC Tfh D3 cells 3 days after splenocyte stimulation. (I) Percentage of IL-21- and/or IFNγ-positive cells among non-GC Tfh D3 cells and GC Tfh D3 . (J) Gating strategy for analysis of Bcl6 expression in CD4 + T cells and histograms showing Bcl6 mean fluorescence intensity for GC Tfh D3 , non-GC Tfh D3 , and CXCR5 − PD-1 - CD4 + T cell subsets (n = 14). Each symbol represents an individual donor. A Wilcoxon matched pairs test was performed; ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: FITC anti-human IFNγ , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-113-497; RRID:AB_2733587.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Naive and memory CD4 + T cell subsets can contribute to the generation of human Tfh cells

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103566

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distinct CD4 + T cell subsets contribute to the generation of Tfh with heterogeneous functional profiles (A) Mean fluorescence intensity of the CXCR5 marker expressed by CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells derived from (1) naive, (2) MemPD-1 neg , (3) MemPD-1 neg and Tfh. (B) Frequency of IL-21- and/or IFNγ-positive cells among CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells at day 3. (C – E) Representative flow plots showing CXCR3, ICOS, and CD40L expression by CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells (left panel) and frequency of CXCR3-, ICOS-, and CD40L-positive cells among CXCR5 + PD-1 + cells at day 3 (right panel). (F) Ex vivo cells or their respective Tfh D3 counterparts obtained after 3 days of splenocyte culture were co-cultured with autologous B cells for 7 days. (G) Box plots represent the frequency of CD27 + CD38 + cells among CD19 + cells, the concentration of total immunoglobulins and the absolute number of live B cells after co-culture. (H) Quantification of IgG1, IgG4, and IgA in the co-culture supernatants. Each symbol (A–H) represents an individual donor. (A–H) A Wilcoxon matched pairs test was performed, ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.005; ∗∗∗, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: FITC anti-human IFNγ , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-113-497; RRID:AB_2733587.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Fluorescence, Marker, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Ex Vivo, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Naive and memory CD4 + T cell subsets can contribute to the generation of human Tfh cells

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103566

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: FITC anti-human IFNγ , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-113-497; RRID:AB_2733587.

Techniques: Cell Analysis, Purification, Virus, Recombinant, Blocking Assay, Antibody Labeling, Transfection, Software

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Effective virus-specific T-cell therapy for high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: initial case studies and literature review

doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00858-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Emerging T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy strategies to treat COVID-19 infection. Main methods: A direct selection with IFNγ CCS CliniMACS® Prodigy device. B Direct selection with CliniMACS® Plus device. C Ex vivo T-cell expansion. D Ex vivo cell expansion and CRISPR gene-modified T-cells. E T-cell receptor-engineered CD8 + T-cell. F Treg/Th2 hybrid T-cells. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; IFNγ, interferon-γ; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; Th, T helper cell; T-reg, T-regulatory cell; NCT, National Clinical Trial; DPC-OHII, Central Hospital of Southern-Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases; CCS, cytokine capture system; MoAb, monoclonal antibody; ETT-TUKEB, Research Ethics Committee of the Hungarian National Medical Scientific Council; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; IL, interleukin; SOT, solid organ transplantation; CRISPR, RNA-controlled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas-9, caspase-9; NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1; PD1, programmed cell death protein1; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; FKBP12, FK506 binding protein 1A, 12 kDa; KO, knockout; TReAT, Tacrolimus-resistant antiviral T-cell therapy; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; TCR, T-cell receptor; NA, not available

Article Snippet: A total of 1 × 10 9 white blood cells (WBC) were used for VST separation by CliniMACS Prodigy Cytokine Capture System (IFN-gamma; CCS) System (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).

Techniques: Infection, Selection, Ex Vivo, CRISPR, Modification, Transplantation Assay, Binding Assay, Knock-Out